Radiology - Conditions (Subscribe)  

spinal muscular atrophy. Notes and links to radiology illustrations
2nd most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians
* pathology
  o degeneration of the spinal anterior horn cells
  o atrophy and wasting of skeletal muscles
* types
  o SMA I = Werdnig-Hoffman disease: rapidly progressive
  o SMA II = intermediate form
  o...

* autosomal dominant
* retinal detachment -> blindness
findings:
  1. delay in ossification
  2. vertebral bodies: decreased height, anterior hypoplasia at T-L jx
  3. incompletely ossified odontoid process
  4. supernumerary epihyseal ossification centers of metacarpals (esp. 1st, 2nd) -> excessive elongation (also in cleidocranial dysostosis)
  5. pelvis: horizontal acetabular roofs, slow ossification...

Radiology case 338-776 Clinical presentation: 58 year old obese woman with pain in the back.
There is forward slip of L4 on L5. and sclerosis of the lower lumbar facet joint margins with reduced joint space. Some spurring of the margins of the adjacent vertebrae is also present, implying instability. The relative...

Radiology case 338-4232 Clinical presentation: 58 year old man with 'sciatica' and back pain.
The theca is opacified with water soluble contrast. There is forward slip of L4 upon L5 with narrowing of the L4/L5 disc and adjacent end-plate sclerosis. The theca is distorted and narrowed at the same level. The AP...

congenital elevation of scapula
  * rotated --> inferior edge points medially
  * uni- or bilateral
# almost always a/w Klippel-Feil syndrome
# +/- omocervical (or "omovertebral") bones:
  * joins scapula to C5 or C6

seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
* 85% of kids with RA
* uncommon: adult-onset Still dz
findings:
* fever
* rash
* adenopathy
* splenomegaly

Stress ("march") Fracture, 3rd Metatarsal The only radiographic abnormality detected is subtle periosteal reaction in the diaphysis of the 3rd left metatarsal. No bone destruction is evident. No fracture is seen. Radiographic findings in a patient with clinical history of "being on his feet a lot" suggest stress fracture of the...

Radiology case 456-415 Clinical presentation: Young adult male, who was training as a boxer. He began to develop pains in the right leg and consulted a physician 6 weeks before, but continued with his skipping exercises, jumping more with the right leg than his left.
There is periosteal newbone and sclerosis over...

Clinical presentation: 30 year old woman with pain in the right ankle after her aerobics class.
There is a line of density that crosses the calcaneum a little anterior to the calcaneal tuberosity and roughly parallel to it. This line forms the line that lies just anterior to the tuberosity in the...

Radiology case 428-341 A 13 year old boy with anaemia.
There is a patchy destructive process, prodominantly in the medulla of the distal metaphyses of the left radius and ulna. The process is more marked in the distal metaphysis of the left ulna. More proximally, there is a visible reaction over...

multiple ossified synovial fragments within joint space ("joint mice")
synovial villus thickening
--> cartilagenous metaplasia
--> bone formation
two types:
familial
  myriad very small densities
  presents early in life
non-familial
  several small + large densities
  presents later

soft-tissue mass, usually about 1 cm from joint
*amorphous calcifications (33%)
*most common at knee
*bone erosion (wide zone of transition)
*juxta-articular osteoporosis

A multi-organ disease (chest, bone, GI, etc.) of unknown etiology, affecting F> M.
Immune?
Abnormal collagen metabolism?
Vascular abnormality?
Clinically,
* Skin thickening (edema ->fibrosis)
* Muscle weakness
* Raynaud's phenomenon -- paroxysmal occlusion of digital arteries.
Can be seen as isolated disease of associated with other entities including...

abnormal fibrous or bony fusion of one or more tarsal bones etiology: congenital, infection, trauma, articular disorders, surgery
age: 20-30's
symptoms: pain upon standing or with prolonged activity
types:
* calcaneonavicular
  o most common, seen on 45 degree medial oblique view
* talocalcaneal
  o usually b/w talus and sustentaculum tali, talar beaking, talar broadening, narrowing of...

avulsion of anterioinferior corner of cervical vertebral body by anterior ligament
most severe and unstable injury of the C-spine
often the result of diving into shallow water
may be secondary to hyperflexion or hyperextension
typically at C2