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Lecture notes handout on radiology of fractures

Subdivided into regional categories -
* Shoulder Girdle
* Elbow and Forearm
* Wrist and Hand
* Pelvis, Proximal femur
* Knee and Leg
* Ankle and Foot
* Chest wall

Report on article in AJR (Am J Roentgenol. 2010;94:1054-1060.)
The results showed that X-ray missed a number of fractures and that MRI revealed many fractures undetected by X-ray. Among other findings:
* 13 patients (14%) had 23 fractures (6 hip, 17 pelvic) undetected by X-ray but confirmed by MRI
* 11 patients (12%)...

achondroplasia most common type of short limbed dwarfism; caused by defect in enchondral bone formation => shortening of tubular bones with normal shaft caliber

Clinical presentation:
A patient with short limbs. no history available.
* Features in images
* Diagnosis
* Differential Similar appearances to this image.

acro-osteolysis - loss of terminal tufts of digits

acromegaly excess growth hormone due to eosinophilic adenoma/hyperplasia

Adamantinoma of Long Bone (extragnathic adamantinoma): Adamantinoma is a rare primary low-grade malignant tumor of bone that is locally aggressive. Adamantinoma of the long bone is not related to adamantinoma or ameloblastoma of the mandible and maxilla, which is derived from Rathke's pouch. Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Tumors Basic/Adamantinoma From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection

amyloidosis: bone manifestations
# joint pain without radiographic findings
# osteoporosis, esp. in axial skeleton
# lytic lesions that destroy cortex and invade soft tissue

aneurysmal bone cyst "ABC"
* 10 - 30 yrs, 75% before skeletal maturity
* sites: long bones; also, flat bones

Radiology case 423-3183 There is an expanding, mostly well-defined, 'multi-loculate' lesion of proximal ulna in a mature skeleton.

Radiology case 454-3183 A 16 year old girl with pain in the right leg. The skeleton is immature with unfused epiphyses. There is a lytic area in the tibia.

ankylosing spondylitis

# males (90%)
# a/w HLA B-27
# "squaring" of anterior vertebral surfaces ("shiny corners")
# bony fusion --> "bamboo spine"

Radiology case 318-74 63 year old man with a long history of a chronic back condition for which, at some stage, he had received radiotherapy.

Even though over 90 different rheumatic diseases are recognized by the American College of Rheumatology, only three entities are commonly seen in most clinical radiology practices, even including those located in large tertiary medical centers. Osteoarthritis (a.k.a. degenerative joint disease) is the most commonly seen form of appendicular arthritis. The...