Radiology - Signs (Subscribe)  

line from posterior hard palate to posterior lip of foramen magnum
* if dens> 3mm above line ==> basilar invagination

Radiology case 468-821 Clinical presentation: Middle aged insulin dependent diabetic with right ankle swelling and deformity. There is marked soft tissue swelling with fragmentation of the bones, joint destruction, but no reduction in bone density.

Radiology case 458-821 Clinical presentation: Eccentric old man with high stepping gait and painless swelling of his knee. There is deformity of the bone ends with marked osteosclerosis and bone loss. Fragmentation and extension of the articular surfaces indicates subluxation and continued movement. There is no regional osteoporosis. The hollowing of the...

* overlying atenuation caused by pacemaker, barium, metal cross, wristwatch
* radiation therapy
* local vascular compromise
* early osteomyelitis
* tumor: neuroblastoma
o renal...

disintegration of capital femoral epiphysis
* Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
* avascular necrosis (several causes)
* multiple epiphyseal dysplasia

in childhood:
* infection - TB, salmonella, syphillis
* infarction - sickle cell anemia
* tumor

* normal variant
* stress lines
* heavy metal poisoning
* treated rickets
* scurvy
* hypervitaminosis D
* treated leukemia

transscaphoid lunate dissociation

volar displacent of a dislocation of the distal radius

An accurate way to determine the skeletal age of a child is to use an X ray of the left wrist and to compare it with X rays in the Greulich and Pyle atlas. Here a series of X rays showing the development and ossification of the wrist, and hand...

mnemonic: "3M PROFS"
M * mets
M * mastocytosis
M * myelofibrosis
P * pyknodysostosis
R * renal osteodystrophy
O * osteopetrosis (Albers-Schoenberg dz)
F * fluorosis
S * sickle cell disease

* child: supracondylar fracture of humerus
* adult: radial head fracture
fat pads
* anterior seen normally, displaced proximally by effusion
* POSTERIOR ==> elbow jt effusion
radiologic lines
* anterior humeral line: should pass...

order of ossification: "CRITOE"
C * Capitellum
R * Radius
I * Internal (medial) epicondyle
T * Trochlea
O * Olecranom
E * External (lateral) epicondyle

abnormal modeling of metaphysis
* osteopetrosis
* chronic anemia (eg, SSD)
* Gaucher dz
* Niemann-Pick disease
* fibrous dysplasia
* Pyle disease (metaphyseal dysplasia)

DAMN FROG
* D: Down syndrome
* A: achondroplasia, anemias
* M: metaphyseal dysplasia (Pyle dz), metals
* N: Nieman-Pick disease
*
* F: fibrous dysplasia
* R: rheumatoid...