Radiology - Signs (Subscribe)  

* neurofibromatosis
* AVM
* Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome
* Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
* Parks-Davis syndrome
* hemangioma
* JRA

The circumstance of fracture without any history of significant trauma is not uncommon. Whenever you get this history, a red flag should pop up in your visual cortex and a bell should go off in your auditory tracts.
Generally, the differential diagnosis here is fairly logical. The thing to remember is...

* neurofibromatosis
o dysplastic gtr wing of sphenoid
* plagiocephaly
* focal calvarial expansion
o subdural bleed
o brain tumor

indentation or groove on posterolateral aspect of humeral head
* probably d/t compression of humeral head on posterior lip of glenoid
* may occur after one episode of shoulder dislocation
a/w: Bankart lesion of glenoid

non-routine localized hot bone lesions:
* Paget's disease
* osteoid osteoma
* fibrous dysplasia
* melorheostosis
generalized:
* hyperparathyroidism
* hematologic disorders
* Paget disease (rare)
* fibrous dysplasia
* renal osteodystrophy

# pulmonary
# malignancy (bronchogenic Ca, lymphoma, mets)
# abscess
# COPD / bronchiectasis
# pleural
# pleural fibroma (highest incidence of HOA, tho' rare itself)
# mesothelioma
# cardiac
# cyanotic congenital heart dz
# GI
# inflammatory dz (Crohn, UC)
# malabsorption (dysentery, lue, cirrhosis)

GENERALIZED
* chronic severe anemia (e.g. thalassemia, SSD)
* cerebral atrophy following shunting of hydrocephalus
* Engelmann disease: mainly skull base
* hyperparathyroidism
* acromegaly
* osteopetrosis
* chronic dilantin ingestion
FOCAL
* meningioma
* fibrous dysplasia
* Dyke-Davidoff syndrome
* hyperostosis frontalis interna
* metastases

Multiple signs are described in the literature. The recognition of these signs allows the radiologist to make a specific diagnosis or give a brief differential diagnosis. We created an atlas of common and not so common signs used in Musculoskeletal Radiology. This atlas can be reviewed by sign name, pathological...

Femoroacetabular impingement may occur in patients with so-called acetabular retroversion, which is seen as the crossover sign on standard radiographs. We noticed when a crossover sign was present the ischial spine commonly projected into the pelvic cavity on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph. To confirm this finding, we reviewed the anteroposterior...

single or multiple very dense vertebra:
* metastases , myeloma
o sclerotic mets or treated lytic mets
o preservation of disc space and vertebral body size
* Paget's disease
...

ossicles within joint space

* familial incurving of 5th distal phalanx
* no big deal

a/k/a: craniolacunia
* mesenchymal dysplasia
* may appear normal after several yrs
associated with:
* Chiari malformation (almost always !)
* myelomeningocele
* encephalocele

* well-defined lucent lesion, classically unilateral
* a/w neurofibromatosis

concave frontal bones
* suggests neural tube defect
also: "banana" sign