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Piriformis syndrome is a common cause of buttock and posterior leg pain. Typically, the piriformis muscle becomes taut, tender, and contracted. This causes a deep aching sensation in the mid-gluteal region that is sometimes associated with pain radiating down the posterior leg. The tight piriformis muscle may cause a nerve...

In 4 studies highlighted at the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2010 Annual Meeting, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) either worked like a charm or failed totally. PRP looks promising, but it is not ready for prime time, experts say.
The biologic is being used off-label to treat conditions such as tennis elbow,...

Prolotherapy is a controversial nonsurgical injection procedure for musculoskeletal pain syndromes, predominantly joint pain, that has been practiced for decades. To learn more about this approach, Medscape interviewed Paul H. Goodley, MD, who is the founder of the American Association of Orthopaedic Medicine (AAOM). This organization provides information and educational...

Surface markings and approach to injection of the shoulder joint and/or subacromial bursa
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

The sacroiliac (SI) joint can be a source of low back pain. Injection of this joint can be diagnostic or therapeutic.
Stephen Kishner, MD, MHA & Mariam Chowdhry, DO Updated: May 12, 2009

Technique of cortisone injection for carpal tunnel syndrome in the absence of a Palmaris longus tendon.
Steroid Injection, Carpal Tunnel: Treatment & Medication Author: Zita Konik, MD, Jeffrey S Peterson, MD, Updated: Nov 18, 2009

CONCLUSION: Subacromial injection of corticosteroids and local anesthesia is an effective therapy for the treatment of symptomatic subacromial pathology, such as impingement pain, tendonitis and bursitis. The injection can substantially reduce pain and increase range of motion of the shoulder. If there is no improvement following injections, a rotator cuff...

Physicians can usually diagnose the cause of shoulder pain by performing a focused history and physical examination and ordering anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Treatment depends on the cause and can include physical therapy, injections of corticosteroids into the joint space or bursa, and surgery. This paper reviews the diagnosis and...

De Quervain disease is a common condition that occurs with repetitive use of the thumb. It is a tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, involving the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. De Quervain tenosynovitis was first described by Fritz de Quervain in 1895.
Patients with...

Report on - A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study of Ultrasound-guided Corticosteroid Injection Into the Joints of Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis
Cunnington J, Marshall, N, Hide, G, et al Arthritis Rheum.2010;62:1862-1869
Summary - The use of ultrasound guidance has been advocated as a technically superior method for performing intra-articular injections. This study compared clinical...

Introduction
* Synovial aspiration is a basic diagnostic tool in rheumatology.
* Synovial fluid analysis allows distinction between inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions and provides direct proof of crystal arthropathy, infection, and hemarthrosis.
* Joints and periarticular structures such as bursae and tendon sheaths may need aspiration for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
* In addition,...

The current recommended approach in lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TF-ESI) is based on the concept of "the safe triangle," an anatomical target area that is supposed to avoid trauma to the exiting spinal nerve. In the upper lumbar regions (L3 and higher), there is a greater safety concern due...