sickle cell anemia- bone manifestations CHORUS

Description: * 8-13% of blacks carry sickling factor
* symptoms: chronic ulcers, pain crises, many infections, priapism
xray findings:
* deossification due to marrow hyperplasia
  o decreased bone density in skull with widened diploic space
  o "H-shaped vertebrae" or "fish vertebrae"
  o rib notching
* thrombosis and infarction
  o AVN, esp. femoral head
  o periosteal rxn ("bone within bone")
* secondary osteomyelitis
  o Staph. aureus> Salmonella
  o dactylitis = hand foot syndrome
* growth effects
  o bone shortening secondary to diminished blood supply
* death <40y