Anatomy and Kinematics of the Normal Knee

Description: This chapter presents aspects of the anatomy and kinematics of the knee as they specifically relate to total knee arthroplasty. It is not intended to be an encyclopedic presentation replacing various anatomy texts or other articles on these topics. In fact, it is suggested that this material be read while simultaneously reviewing a standard anatomy text or atlas (2, 8). The anatomic features are discussed as they relate to surgical exposure, and as they define certain features of rotational alignment. In addition, structures involved in soft tissue balancing when correcting varus or valgus deformity are discussed, and the implications of extraordinary bone cuts on subsequent ligament balance are addressed. Last, the fine details of normal joint contours are presented followed by descriptions of the complex kinematic patterns of the normal bone.