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Acinetobacter baumannii is a pleomorphic aerobic gram-negative bacillus (similar in appearance to Haemophilus influenzae on Gram stain) commonly isolated from the hospital environment and hospitalized patients. A baumannii is a water organism and preferentially colonizes aquatic environments. This organism is often cultured from hospitalized patients' sputum or respiratory secretions, wounds,...

Notes on types of antibiotics used in musculoskeletal infections, prophylaxis, antbiotic loaded cement.

Antimicrobial therapy for diabetic foot infections A practical approach Kevin W. Shea, MD VOL 106 / NO 1 / JULY 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To identify factors that influence antibiotic selection in the treatment of diabetic foot infections To understand the microbiology of the infected diabetic foot To establish an effective...

Medical Microbiology Section 5. Introduction to Infectious Diseases 100. Bone, Joint, and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections Jon T. Mader Jason Calhoun General Concepts Sections include:- Introduction Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections Crepitant Anaerobic Cellulitis Necrotizing Fasciitis Nonclostridial Myonecrosis Clostridial Myonecrosis Fungal Necrotizing Cellulitis Joint...

Catscratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae, a gram-negative rod. It is associated with a self-limited subacute solitary or regional lymphadenopathy. Patients with catscratch disease usually have a history of sustaining a scratch or bite from a cat or kitten.
Nervi et al 2009

Clostridial gas gangrene is a highly lethal necrotizing soft tissue infection of skeletal muscle caused by toxin- and gas-producing Clostridium species. The synonym clostridial myonecrosis better describes both the causative agent and the target tissue. Prior to the advent of antibiotics and mobile army surgical hospitals, as many as 5%...

Today, the more common scenario is nondiphtherial corynebacterial bacteremia associated with device infections (venous access catheters, heart valves, neurosurgical shunts, peritoneal catheters), as well as meningitis, septic arthritis, and urinary tract infections.
Lynda A Frassetto, MD 2008

The spectrum of foot infections in diabetes ranges from simple superficial cellulitis to chronic osteomyelitis. Infections in patients with diabetes are difficult to treat because these patients have impaired microvascular circulation, which limits the access of phagocytic cells to the infected area and results in a poor concentration of antibiotics...

Enterobacter species, particularly Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes, are important nosocomial pathogens responsible for various infections, including bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and ophthalmic infections. Enterobacter species can also cause various community-acquired infections, including UTIs, skin...

Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora of humans and animals but are also important pathogens responsible for serious infections. The genus Enterococcus includes more than 17 species, but only a few cause clinical infections in humans. With increasing antibiotic resistance, enterococci are recognized as feared nosocomial pathogens that...

Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of many common bacterial infections, including cholecystitis, bacteremia, cholangitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), and traveler's diarrhea, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis and pneumonia.
Tarun Madappa, MD, MPH & Chi Hiong U Go, MD 2008

Foot infections can be difficult problems for physicians to treat due to the biomechanical complexities of the extremity and the underlying circumstances that cause the infections. Typically, they follow a traumatic event or tissue loss with contamination by foreign materials and/or colonization by bacteria. When a healthy patient or one...

Gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis are interchangeable terms used to describe an infection of muscle tissue by toxin-producing clostridia. In 1861, Louis Pasteur identified the first clostridial species, Clostridium butyricum. In 1892 and later, Welch, Nuttall, and other scientists isolated a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus from gangrenous wounds. This organism, originally...

The most virulent strain is H influenzae type b (Hib), with its polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule. It accounts for more than 95% of H influenzae invasive diseases in children and half of invasive diseases in adults, including bacteremia, meningitis, cellulitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, and empyema. Less-common invasive Hib...

In 1939, Kanavel, author of the landmark Infections of the Hand, observed, "In almost all cases of serious infection the difficulty is to make a correct diagnosis both as to the nature of the infection and the position of the pus." Specific infections covered in this article include paronychia, felon,...