Superficial Heat and Cold eMedicine PMR

Description: In contrast to deep heating modalities, superficial heating modalities usually do not heat deep tissues, including muscles, because the subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the skin surface acts as a thermal insulator and inhibits heat transfer. Additionally, increased cutaneous blood flow from superficial heating causes a cooling reaction as it removes the heat that is applied externally. In general, the transfer of heat (whether the purpose is heating or cooling) often is classified into 3 general types of heat transfer (ie, conduction, convection, conversion).
Synonyms and related keywords: superficial heat, superficial cold, ice packs, paraffin baths, cryotherapy, Fluidotherapy, hydrotherapy, moist air therapy, radiant heat therapy
Milton J Klein, DO, MBA 2006