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Shoulder Instability Tests From University of Washington
Laxity Tests
* These tests examine the amount of translation allowed by the shoulder starting from positions where the ligaments are normally loose.
* These are tests of laxity, not tests for instability : Many normally...

Author: Beth B Froese, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic Associates of DuPage Ltd
Synonyms and related keywords: spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, spinal abnormality, spinal disfunction, SCI, spinal cord injury, low back pain, LBP, disk pain, disc pain, discogenic pain, diskogenic pain
Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis...

Madelung deformity (MD) of the wrist is characterized by a growth disturbance in the volar-ulnar distal radial physis that results in a volar and ulnar tilted distal radial articular surface, volar translation of the hand and wrist, and a dorsally prominent distal ulna. It occurs predominantly in adolescent females who...

Synonyms and related keywords: lumbosacral spondylolisthesis, isthmic spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, hyperextension of the lumbar spine, lumbar spine hyperextension, hyperextended back, hyperextended spine, back pain, lower back pain, low back pain, LBP, spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, lytic spondylolisthesis, pars interarticularis stress fracture, spine stress fracture
Author: Adam E Perrin, MD, FAAFP, Consulting Staff, Spine and...

This Classic article is a translation by M.O. Heller, W.R. Taylor, N. Aslanidis, and Georg N. Duda of the original work by Julius Wolff, Zur Lehre von der Fracturenheilung (supplemental materials are available with the online version of CORR).
The classic: on the theory of fracture healing. 1873. Wolff J. Clin Orthop Relat...

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) originates from the tibial plateau just medial and anterior to the tibial eminence. The ACL tracts from the tibia superiorly, laterally, and posteriorly to its insertion on the posterior aspect of the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle. The ACL is composed of 2...

JBJS VOLUME 83-A · NUMBER 7 · JULY 2001 BY MANJUNATH KOTI, MS(AIIMS), DNB(ORTH), FRCS(GLAS), AND NICOLA MAFFULLI, MD, MS, PHD, FRCS(ORTH) ➤The bunionette, or tailor’s bunion, is a painful osseous prominence on the lateral aspect of the head of the fifth metatarsal. This prominence occurs in many individuals but seldom causes...

Objectives: To evaluate the findings and results in patients who were treated surgically for scapular fractures. Methods: Six patients (4 females, 2 males; mean age 40 years; range 25 to 59 years) with scapular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. All the fractures were caused by traffic accidents and all the patients...

From Spine 29(5):536-546, 2004
Selective Thoracic Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With C Modifier Lumbar Curves: 2- to 16-Year Radiographic and Clinical Results
Posted 03/15/2004 Charles C. Edwards II, MD; Lawrence G. Lenke, MD; Michael Peelle, MD; Brenda Sides, MA; Anthony Rinella, MD; Keith H. Bridwell, MD
Conclusions: Satisfactory results are...

Medscape 2000 Locking and Poller Screws For fractures located in the metaphysis of the proximal or distal tibia, intramedullary nailing achieves less fracture site stability than nailing of diaphyseal fractures. This is caused by the decreased contact between the nail and the endosteal surface of the tibia. This, in turn, places more...

Abstract
The effectiveness of electrothermal shrinkage for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee was evaluated. There were fourteen patients in the study, with nine native ligaments, one patellar tendon graft and four quadrupled hamstring tendon grafts. All patients with a native ligament were found intraoperatively to have greater than 50%...

CONCLUSION: Our electronic discussion group, Turk-orthopod, has proved to be a quick communication tool, presenting a considerable potential to contribute to continuous medical education of Turkish orthopedists.
A survey study on "Turk-Orthopod", a Turkish electronic discussion group in orthopedics and traumatology Arazi M, Yaman H, Heybeli N. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2004;38(4):277-81. Full...

Os odontoideum describes a condition in which the dens is separated from the axis body. Os odontoideum initially was thought to be a congenital failure of fusion of the dens to the remainder of the axis. As such, it usually is grouped with other craniocervical junction abnormalities, such as dental...

Distal radial fractures are common in children. Recent outcome studies have cast doubt on the success of treatment by closed reduction and application of plaster. The most important risk factor for poor outcome is translation of the fracture. If a distal radial fracture is displaced by more than half the...

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a diarthrodial joint that joins the distal end of the clavicle with the acromion. It is surrounded by a joint capsule in which lies a meniscal disk. The AC ligaments, made up of the superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior ligaments, help with anteroposterior stability and...

Models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in laboratory animals are important tools for research into pathogenic mechanisms and the development of effective, safe therapies. Rodent models (rats and mice) have provided important information about the pathogenic mechanisms. However, the evolutionary distance between rodents and humans hampers the translation of scientific principles...

The Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) is the primary restraint to posterior tibial translation and is made of two anatomically distinct bundles: the anterolateral (AL) bundle and the posteromedial (PM) bundle. PCL injuries are rare in comparison to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries, with incidence reports of 3 to 44% of...

Questions/purposes We determined whether different ethnic and gender groups residing in the United States had different knee translations and rotations.
Conclusion We identified small differences in maximum flexion between genders and ethnic groups. While no differences were identified in the lateral condyle translation, the medial condyle remained more stationary...

The unique anatomy of the thoracolumbar junction predisposes this level of the spinal column to dislocation fractures. As the thoracic spine loses its structural rigidity with floating ribs at T11 and T12, the orientation of the facet joints also changes from a more frontal projection to oblique and then sagittal...

Annual International Course of Osteo-Articular Recostruction. Portuguese Language but front page has Google translation.
See website for details of this year's course.
Course content is posted online. See OCOSH category or search RECOA

function and natural history:
- provides 95% of total restraining force to straight posterior translation of the tibia relative to femur;
- secondary restraints to posterior displacement of the tibia...

Genetics Objectives
1. Define: genome, chromosome, gene, allele, intron, exon, codon, haploid, diploid, mutation, homeobox gene, transcription, translation, receptor, recombinant protein, karyotype, genotype, phenotype, penetrance, variable expressivity, anticipation, pleitropy
2. Define the process by which genetic material is transferred from the nucleus to the synthesized protein