Rural physicians commonly have patients present to the emergency department with injuries to the hand. Occasionally, these injuries involve extensor tendons. Extensor tendon injuries are more common than flexor tendon injuries, due largely to the fact that extensor tendons are less protected and are more superficially located. The strategy used...

Extensor hallucis longus tendon injuries are uncommon, representing <2% of tendon injuries.1 Lacerations are more common than spontaneous ruptures,2-4 and if neglected are often difficult to primarily repair because of tendon retraction and scarring.
Few reports address the operative treatment of chronic extensor hallucis longus tendon injuries. To our knowledge the...

Laceration of the flextor tendon is one of the most common injuries seen in the hand. Continuing advances in our understanding of tendon healing and biomechanics have resulted in improved outcomes after flexor tendon repair. A general approach to the management of acute flexor tendon lacerations, including a review of...

This chapter is designed to assist the surgeon in all aspects of care of flexor tendon injuries. After a brief historical perspective, a presentation of flexor tendon anatomy and physiology ensues. Diagnosis and classification of flexor tendon injuries are then followed by a description of past and present surgical and...

Bicipital tendon injuries of the elbow most commonly occur in the dominant extremity of men aged 40-60 years. Injuries range from tendonitis to partial tears to complete ruptures. A rupture usually occurs at the insertion of the tendon to the radial tuberosity, resulting in pain and deformity about the elbow,...

At the end of the 19th century, physicians first realized that transferring tendons could restore function to an extremity. The crippling results of the polio epidemic in Europe contributed to the advancement of tendon transfers. In addition, as anesthesia and aseptic techniques developed, the skills and technical acumen of surgeons...

Tendon injuries can be divided into several categories on the basis of the nature of their onset and the tissues involved. Acute tendon injuries, such as laceration of the flexor tendons of the fingers, are traumatic in nature. Chronic overuse injuries are the result of multiple microtraumatic events that cause...

Special Interests: Osteochondral injuries of the foot and ankle; Arthroscopy of the small and large joints; Sports injuries including fractures and soft tissue injuries of the foot and ankle; Posterior tibial tendon reconstruction; Ankle Instability.
Dr. Kennedy graduated from Royal College of Surgeons in 1989. Since then he has practiced both in Ireland &...

Achilles tendon rupture is a complete disruption of the Achilles tendon, observed most commonly in patients aged 30-50 years, usually occurring at a point 4-5 cm proximal to the calcaneus. This area above the calcaneus is the zone of poor blood flow in the tendon. Achilles tendonitis is inflammation of the...

Physician's Assistants' Course notes on anatomy of the pelvis, coccyx fractures; the most serious complication of pelvic fractures; femoral neck fractures; femoral shaft fracture; patella (kneecap) fractures; ligamentous knee injuries; meniscal injuries; dislocated patella; quadriceps or patella tendon rupture; chondromalacia patellae; fibula and tibia fractures; Achilles tendon rupture; gastrocnemius rupture;...

Definition Hand surgery refers to procedures performed to treat traumatic injuries or loss of function resulting from such diseases as advanced arthritis of the hand. Purpose The purpose of hand surgery is the treatment of a broad range of problems that affect the hand, whether they result from cuts, burns, crushing injuries to... Expert

The patellar tendon ruptures relatively infrequently. However, the complications of an untreated rupture to the extensor mechanism can be extremely disabling. Surgical intervention allows for excellent recovery of motion and strength, provided that the injury is diagnosed in a timely fashion and repaired immediately. The focus of this article is...

rreparable distal biceps tendon tears typically are treated using a free tendon graft. We asked whether our new method to fix the graft--using two suture anchors--yields similar results to our previous bone canal method. We compared the two methods for strength, endurance, and clinical findings. There were two groups, the...

Lacerations of the hand and wrist may affect underlying tendons.1 Although lacerations of the ankle are uncommon, injury to underlying structures is still possible. We report on four patients who presented an average of 23 years after injury to the ankle with the consequences of undetected tendon injuries.
Lesson of the...

The Achilles tendon, named after the seemingly indestructible mythologic Greek warrior, is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body. Achilles tendinitis was the term originally used to describe the spectrum of tendon injuries ranging from inflammation to tendon rupture. Despite this spectrum, through extensive study of the histopathology...

Hip and pelvis injuries represent 2-5% of all sports injuries. Among these injuries, groin pain is the most common finding. The most common sports-related injuries in the hip, pelvis, and thigh area are musculotendinous, (eg, quadriceps strain, adductor tendinitis) and, less commonly, iliopsoas tendinitis. Iliopsoas tendinitis and iliopsoas bursitis are...

See:
- Rupture of the Quadriceps:
- Patellar Tendon Injury:
- Tibial Tubercle Frx:
- Discussion:
- extensor mechanism includes quadriceps, quadriceps tendon, medial & lateral ...

Definition Tendon repair refers to the surgical repair of damaged or torn tendons, which are cord-like structures made of strong fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. The shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle joints are the most commonly affected by tendon injuries. Purpose The goal of tendon repair is to restore the...

AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995 Feb;164(2):409-14. Abnormalities of the biceps tendon of the shoulder: sonographic findings. Ptasznik R, Hennessy O.
The purpose of this essay is to illustrate sonographic findings for patients with abnormalities of the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle of the arm. The tendon is vulnerable to...

In addition to having technical expertise, experienced hand surgeons must have precise knowledge of flexor tendon anatomy to guide appropriate treatment of injuries to the flexor tendon system. The flexor tendon system consists of the flexor muscles in the volar compartment of the forearm, their tendinous extensions, and a specialized...

The biceps muscle and its tendons are some of the most superficial structures of the arm. These structures account for a significant portion of shoulder injuries and a smaller number of elbow injuries. Rupture of the proximal biceps tendon comprises 90-97% of all biceps ruptures and almost exclusively involves the...

Several types of quadriceps injuries can occur, the most common being the quadriceps contusion, which is painful and disabling. The usual cause of the quadriceps contusion is a direct blow to the anterior thigh from an object or another person (eg, helmet, knee). Very rarely, this injury can be severe...

Injuries to the hamstring origin are rare and are often initially misdiagnosed as a simple 'hamstring pull', leading to the development of chronic pain and disability. Displaced injuries of the ischial apophysis and pure tendon avulsions are probably best treated surgically in the acute setting. As a result of our...

The extensor mechanism of the knee consists of the quadriceps muscle group, quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar retinaculum, patellar ligament, and adjacent soft tissues. Injuries to the extensor mechanism are common and consist of chronic degenerative injuries, overuse injuries, and acute trauma.
Timothy J Mosher, MD Updated: Dec 16, 2008

Injuries to the flexor tendons of the hand are common. Each specific movement of the hand relies on the finely tuned biomechanical interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic musculotendinous forces. Considering the hand's role in labor, entertainment, art, literature, and passion, hand surgeons should fully define the normal and pathologic boundaries...