Introduction Relevant Anatomy And Contraindications Workup Treatment Outcome And Prognosis Pictures Bibliography Introduction Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath are the second most common tumors of the hand, with simple ganglion cysts being the most common. Chassaignac first described these benign soft-tissue masses in 1852, and he overstated their biologic potential...

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a type of cancer called a soft tissue sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas are cancers that develop in the supporting or connective tissues of the body (such as muscle, fat, nerves and blood vessels). MPNSTs probably start from Schwann cells, which form the protective...

The authors present a brief and selective history of surgery for peripheral nerve tumors to illustrate how the current understanding of the nature of disease influences the choice of surgical intervention. There was very little understanding of the anatomy and function of peripheral nerves in ancient times; consequently, surgical treatments...

Discussion: - GCT of tendon sheath are not really tumors but reactive lesions, which are similar to PVNS; - they do not always arise from the tendon sheath but may arise from the synovium; - it is the second most common...

Fibromas are well-circumscribed, slow-growing, benign fibrous lesions. Although they can occur de novo in the soft tissues, fibromas most commonly present approximating a tendon sheath. For the purpose of this discussion, fibroma of tendon sheath (FTS) will represent all solitary fibromas of soft tissue as the pathology and behavior are...

Synonyms and related keywords: flexor tendon injuries, flexor tendon, tendon laceration, flexor tendon laceration, fibrous flexor sheath, tendon sheath, sheath reconstruction, multistrand repair, tensile strength, flexor tendon surgery, flexor laceration, tendon flexor
Author: D Glynn Bolitho, MD

The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is the malignant counterpart to benign soft tissue tumors such as neurofibromas and schwannomas. This term is preferred to older designations such as malignant schwannomas and neurofibrosarcomas.

Flexor tenosynovitis (FT) is a pathophysiologic state causing disruption of normal flexor tendon function in the hand. A variety of etiologies are responsible for this process. Most acute cases of FT are the result of infection. However, FT also can be secondary to acute or chronic inflammation as a result...

Neurilemmomas are benign, encapsulated tumors of the nerve sheath. Their cells of origin are thought to be Schwann cells derived from the neural crest. These masses usually arise from the side of a nerve, are well encapsulated, and have a unique histologic pattern.
The benign lesion essentially manifests itself with cosmetic...

Neurofibrosarcoma (Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor)
Peripheral nerves are nerves that receive messages from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) leading them to stimulate voluntary movement. Neurofibrosarcoma, also known as peripheral nerve sheath tumor, is a malignant tumor that develops in the cells surrounding these peripheral nerves. It can...

In addition to having technical expertise, experienced hand surgeons must have precise knowledge of flexor tendon anatomy to guide appropriate treatment of injuries to the flexor tendon system. The flexor tendon system consists of the flexor muscles in the volar compartment of the forearm, their tendinous extensions, and a specialized...

Necrotizing soft-tissue infection is a severe type of tissue infection that can involve the skin, subcutaneous fat, the muscle sheath (fascia), and the muscle. It can cause gangrene, tissue death, systemic disease, and death.

A ganglion is described as "...a tumour-like collection of viscous fluid encapsulated by a fibrous sheath." (Jaffe and Jones, 1994, p.248). About 4% of ganglia occur in the feet (Potter, 1992), and perhaps this explains why there is relatively limited literature written on the subject of foot ganglia. Most commonly...

Madigan Army Medical Center Referral Guidelines for deQuervain's Syndrome Tendonitis/Tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus within the extensor sheath of the first digit.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a condition characterized by changes in skin coloring (pigmentation) and the growth of tumors along nerves in the skin, brain, and other parts of the body. The signs and symptoms of this condition vary widely among affected people. Beginning in early childhood, almost all people with neurofibromatosis...

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a bacterial infection. This bacteria attacks the soft tissue and the fascia, which is a sheath of tissue covering the muscle. NF can occur in an extremity following a minor trauma, or after some other type of opportunity for the bacteria to enter the body such...

DeQuervain's syndrome (also known as washerwoman's sprain, Radial styloid tenosynovitis or De Quervain's disease), named for Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain who first identified it in 1895, is an inflammation of the sheath or tunnel that surrounds two tendons that control movement of the thumb.

Discussion: - nerve sheath tumor which arises from schwann cells; - mass grows slowly and usually does not cause symptoms unless it grows within a confined space such as the tarsal tunnel; - histology shows interlacing fascicles (Antoni A areas) and...

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics a stenosing tenosynovitis of APL & EPB tendons (first compartment) at the styloid process of the radius; - inflammation causes thickening & stenosis of synovial sheath of first compartment & pain w/ tendon...

Links to Soft Tissue Tumor subject covered in Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics Benign Myositis ossificans; Synovial Chondromatosis; Fibroma; Desmoplastic Fibroma; Fibromatosis; PVS; Hemangioma; Lipoma; Neurolemmoma; Neurofibroma; Neuroblastoma Malignant Extraosseous chondrosarcoma; Fibrosarcoma; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma; Synovial sarcoma; Angiosarcoma; Liposarcoma; Neurosarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Malignant Melanoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; GCT of Tendon Sheath; Epithelioid Sarcoma

Discussion: - slow growing malignant soft tissue tumor, usually occuring in adults; - "pseudocapsule" or poorly circumscribed mass often attached to tendons, tendon sheath, or joint capsule

A late effect of ionizing radiation is the development of sarcoma within the field of irradiation, referred to as postradiation sarcoma (PRS). Ionizing radiation has had many varied uses in medicine. In early years, in addition to being used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, radiation was used...

Contents - Introduction Clinical Differentials Workup Treatment Follow-up Miscellaneous Pictures Bibliography
A neurilemoma (NL) is a benign, usually encapsulated neoplasm derived from Schwann cells and, along with neurofibroma, constitutes one of the 2 most common benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. NLs may affect any location in the course of the peripheral...

If you have a bad muscle strain or contusion (dead leg!) and it is neglected then you could be unlucky enough to get Myositis Ossificans. It is usually as a result of impact which causes damage to the sheath that surrounds a bone (periostium) as well as to the muscle.... Uncertain

Hand infections can vary from routine problems (treated with oral antibiotics, immobilization, and limited incision and drainage)1 to catastrophic surgical emergencies (resulting in significant compromise of hand function). The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic approach to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hand infections.
Synonyms and related...