Authors Peter M Stevens, MD & Michael C Holmstrom, MD
Genu valgum is the Latin-derived term used to describe knock-knee deformity. While many otherwise healthy children have knock-knee deformity as a passing trait, some individuals retain or develop this deformity due to hereditary or genetic disorders or metabolic bone disease. The...

SOA Textbook Chapter in preparation
Torsion of the femur and tibia, as well as genu varum and genu valgum, are considered physiological variations of development that occur in normal infants and children. Infants commonly present with anteversion of the femur, medial tibial torsion and genu varum. With growth, the femoral anteversion...

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Alternatives
GR White and GA Mencio
Genu valgum is a common orthopaedic problem in children. The vast majority of cases are physiologic variants, which resolve normally. However, there are pathologic entities due to both focal and systemic processes in which the deformity often progresses and usually requires treatment. Differentiating...

Genu valgum is frequently seen between the ages of 2 and 4 years. The condition is usually benign if symmetrical and independent of any other abnormality. The majority of cases resolve by the age of 6 years. The degree of genu valgum is assessed by measuring the inter-malleolar gap. This is...

We present retrospective analysis of 31 cases (46 segments) of valgus and varus shin deformity correction by using HTO with consequential wedge bone regenerate formation by Ilizrov technique. Web Archive copy

bilateral angular deformity: common and is most often physiologic; - normal knee alignment progresses from 10-15 deg of varus at birth to maximal valgus angulation of...

Genu valgum aka/or Knee joint valgus deformity * may be caused by or feature of Miscellaneous syndromes * Osteomalacia Congenital conditions * Fibular hemimelia Autosomal dominant conditions * Parastremmatic dwarfism ...

Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knees", is a condition where the knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened. Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while simultaneously straightening the legs.

AAOS Scientific Exhibit 2006 Tibial Osteotomy and Deformity Correction With the Ilizarov/Taylor Spatial Frame: Clinical Experience, Surgical Planning, Video Surgical Demonstration, and Computer Animation Scientific Exhibit Number: SE26 Location: McCormick Place Hall B Adult Reconstruction Knee S Robert Rozbruch, MD New York NY (a - Smith & Nephew Inc.) Austin Fragomen, MD...

Degenerative joint disease can affect any or all of the compartments of the knee joint. This article addresses arthrosis that is localized to the lateral compartment of the knee. The typical radiographic signs that are associated with degenerative joint disease consist of narrowing of the joint space, subchondral cyst formation, bone...

- bones forming the knee joint are femur, tibia, & patella;
- both the left and right femurs converge toward the knee and each tibia is nearly vertical, femur and tibia meet angle of some 5-12 deg;
...

Bowlegs and knock-knee, genu varum and genu valgum deformity correction by Doctor of Medicine Vitaliy Veklich. Cosmetic orthopaedy corrections with help of Ilizarov-Veklich apparatus. Orthopaedic clinic Ladisten, Ukraine, Kyiv

Fibular hemimelia aka/or Postaxial hypoplasia of the lower extremity
may cause or feature
* Disproportionate short stature
* Genu valgum
* Genu varum
...

Ladisten Clinic provides cosmetic orthopedic surgery services, limb lengthening and deformities correction for adults and children.
Started from 1992, Ladisten Clinic has been giving its patients unmatchable results and affordable orthopedic treatment. Ladisten surgeons successfully completed more than 1000 operations for patients with severe cases of bow legs (genu varum), knock knees (genu valgum), growth...

J R Soc Med. 1981 August; 74(8): 626–627
P H Gibson Full text

Notes from FP Notebook

Caffey's disease or Infantile cortical hyperostosis or Roske-De Toni-Caffey-Smyth syndrome or Caffey De Toni Silvermann syndrome. "A disease of young infants characterized by soft tissue swellings over the affected bones, fever, and irritability, and marked by periods of remission and exacerbation. (Dorland, 27th ed)" Features Miscellaneous syndromes Hyperostosis Symptoms and Signs Genu varum X-ray abnormalities Periosteal reaction

- chondromalacia describes softening & fissuring of articular hyaline cartilage;
- chondromalacia may result from an excessive load on patellofemoral joint, but disuse may be a contributing factor;
- most common in young women;
...

Synonyms and related keywords: mucopolysaccharidosis type IV, Morquio syndrome, MS, mucopolysaccharidoses type IVA, OMIM 253000, mucopolysaccharidoses type IVB, OMIM 253010, lysosomal storage disease, MPS IVA, B MPS IVA, MPS IVB12
Contents: Information Introduction Clinical Differentials Workup Treatment Medication Follow-up Miscellaneous Pictures Bibliography
Author: Nancy Braverman, MD, Assistant Professor, McKusick-Nathans Institute...

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome aka/or Mesoectodermal dysplasia aka/or Chondroectodermal dysplasia Definition "Chondrodysplasia of long bones affecting mainly the distal ends of extremities and resulting in short-limb dwarfism, hexadactyly of the fingers and less frequently the toes; ectodermal dysplasia with nail and hair abnormalities, and congenital heart defects. Associated abnormalities may include cryptorchidism, epispadias, talipes equinovalgus, and Dandy-Walker...

- degenerative valgus deformity of knee is less common than varus deformity;
- genu valgum is more common in pts w/ history of trauma, RA, renal osteodystrophy, rickets, or infantile poliomyelitis;
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Hypophosphatasia may cause or feature Miscellaneous syndromes Nephrocalcinosis Osteomalacia Pathological fracture Symptoms and Signs Blue sclerae Disproportionate short stature Genu varum Tooth loss Biochemical abnormalities Alkaline phosphatase levels low (plasma or serum) Hypercalcaemia Hypercalciuria Congenital conditions Craniosynostosis Inflammatory conditions Pyrophosphate arthropathy may be allelic with Phosphoethanolaminuria Autosomal recessive condition Hypophosphatasia: "A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical...

Paget's disease of bone aka/or Osteitis deformans may cause or feature Miscellaneous syndromes Carcinogenesis Osteoporosis Pathological fracture Symptoms and Signs Angioid streaks Arthropathy Back pain Bone pain Conductive hearing loss Facies abnormality Genu varum Hypertension, systemic Kyphosis Peripheral neuropathy Sabre tibia Sensorineural hearing loss Skull bossing Biochemical abnormalities Acid phosphatase levels raised (plasma or serum) Alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme levels raised (plasma or serum) Hypercalciuria X-ray abnormalities Osteosclerosis Cardiac and vascular conditions Cardiac failure, high output Inflammatory conditions Osteitis may be...

Osteogenesis Imperfecta: "Autosomal dominant COLLAGEN DISEASES resulting from defective biosynthesis of COLLAGEN TYPE I and characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. There are four major types, I-IV." Source: Medical Subject Headings, 2007_2006_08_08 "autosomal dominant collagen disease resulting from...

Disease Database Caffey's disease aka/or Infantile cortical hyperostosis aka/or Roske-De Toni-Caffey-Smyth syndrome aka/or Caffey De Toni Silvermann syndrome may cause or feature - Miscellaneous syndromes Hyperostosis Symptoms and Signs Genu varum X-ray abnormalities Periosteal reaction belong(s) to the category of Autosomal dominant conditions Caffey's disease: Definition(s) via UMLS "A disease of young infants characterized by soft tissue swellings over the affected bones, fever, and irritability, and marked...