Osteopenia

One of the most common findings in skeletal radiology is increased radiolucency of bone, most properly termed osteopenia. This term is much preferred over terms such as "demineralization" or "undermineralization", since we really can't tell the exact mineral status of the patient's bone from the radiograph alone. The most common...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Investigations: Radiology - General: Radiology - Signs 

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Froments Sign Orthoteers

Brief bio of Jules Froment and account of Froment's sign - we hold out a folded newspaper to the patient; he is asked to pull it hard with the strong hand and then with the affected hand, while we pull it fairly firmly away. This is what is observed: on...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Clinical Examination 

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Robot Assisted Surgery

Definition Robot-assisted surgery involves the use of a robot under the direction and guidance of a surgeon. Purpose Robot-assisted surgery provides many benefits in the surgical care of patients. Computer-assisted robots provide exact motion and trajectories to minimize the side-effects of surgical intervention. Surgeon-guided robotics allow the surgeon to access patient anatomy with...

[Categories]

- Patient Information: General 

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Supracondylar Femur Fractures eMedicine Orthopedics

Author: Steven I Rabin, MD 2004
Supracondylar femur fractures require anatomically stable internal fixation for best results, which usually necessitates surgical treatment. These fractures usually occur in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities and osteoporotic bone; thus, a high rate of complications exists. Severely comminuted distal femur fractures are especially difficult fractures...

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- OCOSH Classification: Trauma: Fractures: Femur Fractures: Supracondylar Fractures 

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Fibrous Dysplasia NORD

General Discussion Fibrous dysplasia is a term that refers to either a group of chronic conditions featuring cystic bone growth that may arise from abnormal bone development or to a disease of bone marrow (medullary bone) characterized by benign cysts. Fibrous dysplasia is characterized by uneven growth, pain, brittleness, and deformity...

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- OCOSH Classification: Bone Diseases: Bone Developmental Diseases: Osteochondrodysplasia: Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone 

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Tietze Syndrome NORD

Tietze syndrome is a rare, inflammatory disorder characterized by chest pain and swelling of the cartilage of one or more of the upper ribs (costochondral junction). Onset of pain may be gradual or sudden and may spread to affect the arms and/or shoulders. Tietze syndrome is considered a benign syndrome...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Cartilage Diseases: Tietze Syndrome 

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Carpal instability malunion among complications of distal radius fracture

Many complications exist regarding distal radius fractures and the exact rates of these complications remain unknown. Yet, as techniques for distal radius fractures advance, some surgeons hold that they will see a drop in the incidence of these complications. “I think ultimately, many of the complications related to conservative nonsurgical management...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Trauma: Fractures: Radius Fractures: Distal Radius Fractures 

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Rotator Cuff Disease eMedicine PMR

In 1834, Smith wrote the first description of a rupture of the rotator cuff tendon. Since then, with the work of such authors as Duplay, Von Meyer, Codman, and, more recently, Neer, degenerative changes to the rotator cuff have been better characterized; however, the exact mechanisms leading to the degeneration...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Joint Diseases: Bursitis: Subacromial Bursitis 
- OCOSH Classification: Trauma: Muscle Tendon Injuries: Rotator Cuff Tear 

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Patellofemoral Syndrome eMedicine PMR

Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is characterized by a group of symptoms that are easily diagnosed and often respond to simple management. The common presentation is knee pain in association with positions of the knee that result in increased or misdirected mechanical forces between the kneecap and femur. Ironically, as simple as...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Joint Diseases: Knee Pain: Anterior Knee Pain 

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Olliers Disease Wikibooks

Ollier's Disease is a rare condition in which benign tumors form in developing bones and prevent proper bone growth. It is also known as Multiple Enchondromatosis. The condition was first described by French surgeon Louis Ollier (1830-1899). In individuals with Ollier's disease, benign tumors called enchondromas form in the cartilage cells...

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- OCOSH Classification: Bone Diseases: Bone Developmental Diseases: Osteochondrodysplasia: Enchondromatosis 

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Dwarfism and gigantism in historical picture postcards

Abstract A collection of 893 historical picture postcards from 1900 to 1935, depicting dwarfs and giants, was analysed from medical and psychosocial viewpoints. In conditions such as 'bird headed dwarfism', achondroplasia, cretinism, so-called Aztecs or pinheads, Grebe chondrodysplasia, and acromegalic gigantism, the disorder could be diagnosed easily. In hypopituitary dwarfism, exact...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Bone Diseases: Bone Developmental Diseases: Dwarfism 
- OCOSH Classification: Bone Diseases: Endocrine Bone Diseases 
- OCOSH Classification: Bone Diseases: Endocrine Bone Diseases: Gigantism 

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Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita AMC Orthopaedia

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita literally means a congenital anomaly in the newborn involving multiple curved joints. Although first described by Otto in 1841, Sheldon in 1932 published the first detailed description and called the condition as 'amyoplasia congenita'. It is important to recognize that arthrogryposis is a descriptive term and not...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Joint Diseases: Arthrogryposis 

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Smoking increases failure rate of operation for established non-union of the scaphoid bone

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the operative treatment of established non-union of the carpal scaphoid. Case notes and radiographs of patients undergoing bone grafting and screw fixation of scaphoid non-unions were reviewed. There were 34 patients that had undergone 37 operations for...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Trauma: Fractures: Wrist Fractures: Carpal Bone Fractures: Scaphoid: Scaphoid Nonunion 

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An Update on Fibromyalgia Syndrome Medscape

Fibromyalgia is a chronic, musculoskeletal, non inflammatory pain disorder. Patients frequently suffer from sleep disturbances, headaches, anxiety, morning stiffness, and a poor sense of well-being. It is estimated that approximately 6 million Americans live with this condition. Fibromyalgia is characterized by the presence of at least 11 tender points, as...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Muscular Diseases: Fibromyalgia 

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Anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee Orthopaedia

Tears of the ACL, once thought to be career ending injuries, are no longer associated with dire outcomes. Early and accurate detection of the pathology; minimally invasive surgical reconstruction; and focused rehabilitation protocols have all contributed to the excellent functional results that are now commonly attained. Nonetheless, even with optimal...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Trauma: Leg Injuries: Knee Injuries: Knee Ligament Injuries: ACL Tears 

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2005 Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome eMedicine Orthopedics

Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is a common cause of lateral knee pain, particularly among runners, military personnel, and cyclists. It is considered an overuse syndrome that usually is treated successfully with a conservative approach. Biomechanical and training factors play a large role in the development of ITBFS, but its...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Muscular Diseases: Myofascial Pain Syndromes 
- OCOSH Classification: Trauma: Athletic Injuries 

View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Fri Apr 04 2008

Rotator Cuff Pathology eMedicine Orthopedics

The first description of rupture of the rotator cuff tendon was by Smith in 1834. With history, degenerative changes of the rotator cuff have been better characterized by Duplay, Von Meyer, Codman, and Neer. The exact mechanisms leading to the degeneration of the rotator cuff, however, are still being debated.
Synonyms...

[Categories]

- OCOSH Classification: Trauma: Muscle Tendon Injuries: Rotator Cuff Tear