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Septic Arthritis Aspiration Techniques and Indications for Surgery eMedicine Orthopedics

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1268807-overview

Historically, synovial fluids have been classified as noninflammatory (WBC count 50-1000), inflammatory (WBC count 1000-75,000), septic (WBC count>100,000), or hemorrhagic. However, septic synovial fluid can have cell counts as low as a few thousand early in the infectious process; thus, differentiation of inflammatory and septic joints is not truly possible...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Thu Apr 10 2008

Septic Arthritis eMedicine Infectious Diseases

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

Infective arthritis may represent a direct invasion of joint space by various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria, and fungi. Reactive arthritis, a sterile inflammatory process, may be the consequence of an infectious process located elsewhere in the body. Although any infectious agent may cause arthritis, bacterial pathogens are the most...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Thu Apr 10 2008

Septic Arthritis Pediatrics eMedicine Orthopedics

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1259337-overview

Septic arthritis in infancy and childhood is a true clinical emergency. Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis can result in disastrous complications, including complete destruction of the articular cartilage and the underlying epiphysis, loss of the adjacent growth plate, and dislocation of the joint. With prompt treatment,...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Mon Apr 07 2008

Psoriatic Arthritis eMedicine

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1108557-overview

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that is commonly associated with psoriasis. At least 5% of patients with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis. The association between psoriasis and arthritis was first made in the mid 19th century, but psoriatic arthritis was not clinically distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis until the 1960s....
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Thu Dec 03 2009

Septic Arthritis eMedicine Orthopedics

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1268369-overview

Septic arthritis is inflammation of a synovial membrane with purulent effusion into the joint capsule, usually due to bacterial infection. This disease entity also is referred to in the literature as bacterial, suppurative, purulent, or infectious arthritis. Septic arthritis is a rather rare but important disease that typically affects monoarticular joints....
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Thu Apr 10 2008

2011 Can ultrasonography make identification of asymptomatic hyperuricemic individuals at risk for developing gouty arthritis more crystal clear Open Access

Location: http://arthritis-research.com/content/pdf/ar3290.pdf

Hyperuricemia is the most important risk factor for gouty arthritis. The quandary is how to predict which patient with asymptomatic hyperuricemia will develop gouty arthritis. Can ultrasonography help identify hyperuricemic individuals at risk for developing gouty arthritis? In the previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Pineda and colleagues found ultrasonography changes suggestive of gouty arthritis in 25%...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Wed Apr 20 2011

Reactive Arthritis Musculoskeletal eMedicine Radiology

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/395020-overview

Reiter syndrome was originally defined as a triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis. Hans Reiter first reported this triad of symptoms in 1916, and Bauer and Engelman formally described it as a syndrome in 1942.

A term frequently associated with Reiter syndrome is reactive arthritis. Ahvonen and coworkers introduced this term in 1969. Reactive arthritis is...

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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Tue May 19 2009

Immune regulation in adjuvant-induced arthritis: possible implications for innovative therapeutic strategies in arthritis

Location: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/104542645/HTMLSTART

Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), the first experimental arthritis model, was described in 1956, at a time when experimental autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, thyroid, and eye had been described, and autoimmunity began to be considered a significant mechanism in the pathogenesis of organ-specific inflammatory disease. AIA,...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sat Oct 03 2009

Septic Arthritis Wikibooks

Location: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology/Musculoskeletal_Imaging/Joint_Disorders/Septic_Art ...

Definition Septic arthritis is a common destructive arthropathy that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid the significant morbidity that results from the loss of a joint. Therefore, it should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis of monoarticular disease. Diagnosis Traditionally, the diagnosis of septic arthritis was based on clinical assessment and...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Fri Dec 01 2006

2007 Gout and Pseudogout eMedicine Emergency

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/808628-overview

Gout and pseudogout are the 2 most common crystal-induced arthropathies. They are debilitating illnesses in which pain and joint inflammation are caused by the formation of crystals within the joint space. Gout is inflammation caused by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals.
Pseudogout is inflammation caused by calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals and is...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Thu Apr 10 2008

Medial Compartment Arthritis eMedicine Orthopedics

Location: http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic518.htm

Optimal surgical management of the unicompartmental osteoarthritic knee has eluded the orthopedist for decades. McKeever is credited with recognizing that arthritis of the knee could be unicompartmental in nature. Treatment options for medial compartment arthritis have varied extensively, including valgus unloading braces; opening or closing wedge osteotomies of the proximal...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Fri Apr 04 2008

Reactive Arthritis eMedicine Emergency

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/808833-overview

In 1916, Hans Reiter described the classic triad of arthritis, nongonococcal urethritis, and conjunctivitis.
What used to be known as Reiter syndrome is now referred to as reactive arthritis (ReA). This change has occurred in part because of Hans Reiter's affiliation and activities with the Nazis during WWII.
Reactive arthritis refers to...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Tue May 19 2009

The role of T-cell interleukin-17 in conducting destructive arthritis: lessons from animal models

Location: http://arthritis-research.com/content/7/1/29

This review describes the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of destructive arthritis with a major focus on studies in vivo in arthritis models. From these studies in vivo it can be concluded that IL-17 becomes significant when T cells are a major element of the arthritis process. Moreover, IL-17...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sat Oct 03 2009

Patellofemoral Arthritis eMedicine Orthopedics

Location: http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic431.htm

Patellofemoral arthritis usually affects the same patient population affected by arthritis of other joints. Increasing age, obesity, overuse, chronic joint instability, prior interarticular fractures, and systemic inflammatory conditions are risk factors for the development of arthritis in the hip, knee, patella, and other weight-bearing joints. Patellofemoral arthritis can also occur...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sun Apr 06 2008

Epidemiology of Ankle Arthritis

Location: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1888779

Epidemiology of Ankle Arthritis The purpose of our study was to identify the cause of symptomatic ankle arthritis in a consecutive series of patients presenting in a tertiary care setting.Of the 639 arthritic ankles, 445 (70%) were post-traumatic, 76 (12%) were rheumatoid disease and 46 (7%) were idiopathic (primary osteoarthritis). The...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Tue Nov 03 2009

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Calcium Deposition Diseases Medscape CME

Location: http://cme.medscape.com/viewarticle/716061

The goal of this activity is to review the pathogenesis, risk factors, differential diagnoses, and clinical presentations of Chondrocalcinosis (CC).
Abstract Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and basic calcium phosphate crystals are commonly found in patients with calcium deposition diseases. Deposits of these crystals are common in the elderly and they have been implicated...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Wed Oct 06 2010

Arthritis Wheeless

Location: http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/arthritis

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics Menu on arthritis:- Adult: Differential Diagnosis Childhood Arthritic Conditions Gout Hemophilia Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis Polyarthralgia in the child Pseudogout ...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Mon Feb 04 2002

Septic Arthritis eMedicine Infectious Diseases

Location: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

Septic arthritis, also known as infectious arthritis, may represent a direct invasion of joint space by various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria, and fungi. Reactive arthritis, a sterile inflammatory process, may be the consequence of an infectious process located elsewhere in the body. Although any infectious agent may cause arthritis,...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Mon May 18 2009

The genetic and immunopathological processes underlying collagen-induced arthritis

Location: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118970332/HTMLSTART

Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have provided substantial insights into basic pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune disease in general. Of the variety of models reported, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has been the most characterized in terms of both its pathogenesis and its underlying immunological basis. Collagen-induced arthritis...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sat Oct 03 2009

Role of regulatory T cells in experimental arthritis and implications for clinical use

Location: http://arthritis-research.com/content/7/3/118

CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells are avidly studied because they modulate immune responses. Their possible role in autoimmunity and more specifically in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been highlighted by a string of reports, one of which is in the last issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy. There are, however, key questions...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sat Oct 03 2009

Mast cells in inflammatory arthritis

Location: http://arthritis-research.com/content/7/1/1

Mast cells are present in limited numbers in normal human synovium, but in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory joint diseases this population can expand to constitute 5% or more of all synovial cells. Recent investigations in a murine model have demonstrated that mast cells can have a critical role in...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sat Oct 03 2009

Operative Management of Talar Neck Fractures

Location: http://www.hwbf.org/ota/am/ota02/otapa/OTA02531.htm

OTA 2002 - Session 5 Session V - Foot and Ankle Sat., 10/12/02 Foot & Ankle, Paper #31, 9:16 AM Operative Management of Talar Neck Fractures: Outcomes and the Effect of Timing Heather A. Vallier, MD ; Sean E. Nork, MD; David P. Barei, MD; Stephen K. Benirschke, MD; Bruce J....
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Thu Nov 03 2005

The role and clinical implications of G6PI in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis

Location: http://arthritis-research.com/content/7/1/29

Recently it was shown that G6PI immunization induces severe symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis in genetically unaltered DBA/I mice. In that model CD4+ T cells are necessary not only for the induction but also for the effector phase of arthritis. Here we review the pathomechanisms that lead from systemic autoreactivity to arthritis...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sat Oct 03 2009

2011 The relation between cartilage biomarkers C2C C12C CS846 and CPII and the long-term outcome of rheumatoid arthritis patients

Location: http://arthritis-research.com/content/13/3/R70/abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum biomarker levels of C2C, C1,2C, CS846, and CPII can predict the long-term course of disease activity and radiographic progression early in the disease course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Conclusions The change in C1,2C in the first year after onset of RA has...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Fri May 06 2011

Pathology Parading as Septic Arthritis of the Paediatric Hip

Location: http://www.efort.org/cdrom2008/P1212.pdf

Septic arthritis of the peadiatric hip is an emergency and requires prompt diagnosis and surgical drainage. In vague causes of hip pain or other pathology it may be difficult to distinguish septic arthritis from transient synovitis of the hip. Ultrasound will detect a hip effusion. It does not differentiate transient synovitis from...
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View Details Visit Resource Review It Rate It Bookmark It Added: Sun Oct 25 2009

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