Cervical disc disorders encountered in physiatric practice include herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), degenerative disc disease (DDD), and internal disc disruption (IDD). HNP implies extension of disc material beyond the posterior margin of the vertebral body. Most of the herniation is made up of the annulus fibrosus. DDD involves degenerative annular...

Acute cervical spine injury has been associated with sports such as football, gymnastics, rugby, ice hockey, and diving. Athletes with cervical disc injury may present with neck pain, radicular pain, quadriparesis, or quadriplegia secondary to myelopathy. This article intends to outline the etiopathology, evaluation, and treatment of cervical disc disease....

Nursemaid's elbow: Pulling out the diagnosis Source: Contemporary Pediatrics Originally published: June 1, 2000
By Nicholas A. Waanders, MD, PhD, Elizabeth Hellerstein, MD, and R. Tracy Ballock, MD
Pulled elbow is easily reduced. First, however, you must be sure that the injury is not something more serious, like a fracture. Elbow injuries,...

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics