Knee Ligament Injuries (Subscribe)  

- defined as excessive forward rotation of tibial plateau w/ excessive lateral opening of the joint;
- there is excessive internal rotation of tibia on femur in flexion;
- as knee extends, subluxation is reduced by...

- medial plateau of the tibia rotating excessively forward & externally on femur as the joint opens on the medial side;
- torn structures:
- MCL;
...

- includes posterior 1/3 of lateral supporting structures;
- it includes LCL, arcuate ligament, & exension of popliteus;
- posterior 1/3 of the lateral ligamentous complex is reinforced by biceps, popliteus, & lateral head of gastrocnemius;
...

Kruzlifix's ACL Homepage. Notes on ACL and PCL surgical technique

the ligaments of Humphrey and Wrisberg are meniscofemoral ligaments which run from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle;
- these ligaments are named based on their location in...

- passes from insertion of the semimembranous on posteromedial aspect of tibia obliquely & laterally upward to insertion of semimembranosus on the posteromedial aspect of the tibia ...

- pivot shift assesses degree of incapacitating dysfunction in knee with ACL deficiency and secondary restraint deficiency;
- pivot-shift test reproduces event that occurs when knee gives way becuase of loss of ACL;
- there is a forward...

- thickening of the medial capsular ligament attached proximally to adductor tubercle of femur and distally to tibia & posterior aspect of the capsule;
- anatomically this is the third (deep) layer of the medial compartment;
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

- is apparent when with stress testing lateral tibial plateau rotates posteriorly in relation to the femur with lateral opening of joint;
- atraumatic type:
- presents as chronic...

Primary vs Secondary Restraints:
- seationing of MCL results in marked valgus instability;
- isolated sectioning of ACL, PCL, LCL, or posterolateral structures does not cause large increases in...

Torn Collateral Tested in Flexion:
- when tested in flexion which relaxes posterior capsule, same ligamentous laxity will result in a much greater degree of instability;
- at 30 deg flexion, the cruciates...