Knee Pain (Subscribe)  

- bones forming the knee joint are femur, tibia, & patella;
- both the left and right femurs converge toward the knee and each tibia is nearly vertical, femur and tibia meet angle of some 5-12 deg;
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Madigan Army Medical Center Referral Guidelines Diagnosis/Definition Knee pain localized to the anterior portion of the knee, either retropatellar or peripatellar. Usually a gradual, non-traumatic onset aggravated with increased activity, running, squatting, stair climbing, or prolonged sitting. Symptoms normally decrease with rest.

- a type of cyst which results from egress of fluid through a normal communication of a bursa (semimembranosus or medial gastrocnemius bursa) or may be caused by herniation of the synovial membrane through the joint capsule;
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Authors - George El Rassi, MD Saint George University Hospital- Achrafieh-lebanon
J. Richard Bowen, MD Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE 19803-3607
The goals of this chapter are to describe the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of bipartite patella. Bipartite patella results from failure of fusion of an accessory ossification center which...

- a common congenital fragmentation or synchondrosis of the patella
- occurs in approximately 1% of population but some have observed a much higher incidence;
- most remain asymptomatic, but direct trauma may disrupt the synchondroses, ...

- blood supply to skin around the knee is random (as opposed to axial)
- there are multiple small overlapping vessels that are interrupted by multiple small incisions;
- random supply is sustained by both intrinsic and extrinsic sources;
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- chondromalacia describes softening & fissuring of articular hyaline cartilage;
- chondromalacia may result from an excessive load on patellofemoral joint, but disuse may be a contributing factor;
- most common in young women;
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Authors - George El Rassi, MD Saint George University Hospital- Achrafieh-lebanon Lebanon
J. Richard Bowen, MD Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE 19803-3607
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the clinical manifestations, the diagnosis and the management of discoid lateral meniscus of the knee in children .A discoid meniscus is...

- serial diagnostic exam should take into consideration static deformities of the lower extremities, gait, ROM, tenderness, and knee stability;
- in the child w/ a painful knee, it is essential to closely examine the ...

Physical Exam Radiographs ACL Anteromedial Instability Anterolateral Rotatory Instability Arcuate Ligament Complex Arthrofibrosis Arthroscopy of the Knee Arthrodesis Articular Cartilage Baker's Cyst Bipartite Patella Blood Supply Blount's Disease Bursitis Capsule Chondral Injuries of the Knee Chondromalacia Diff Dx Discoid Meniscus Dislocations of the Knee Extensor Mechanism Injuries of the Knee Flexion Contracture Genu Varum Hemarthrosis High Tibial Osteotomy Intercondylar Eminence Fracture Jumper's Knee Kinematics of the Knee Joint Lachman Exam Lateral Anatomy Lateral Collateral Ligament Lateral Retinacular Release Ligaments of Humphrey and Wrisberg Medial...

- tripled layered arrangement on the lateral aspect of knee;
- posterolateral part of capsule is divided into two laminae that encompass LCL, fabellofibullar, & arcuate ligaments;
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Notes on the layers and ligamentous anatomy of the medial aspect of the knee.
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

- most common form of plica;
- located over the medial femoral condyle;
- vulnerable to direct trauma when the knee is flexed;
- repeated trauma or irritation may lead to inflammation and fibrosis of...

Nicolas Aigner , Roland Meizer , Gert Petje , Elisabeth Meizer , Ashraf Abdelkafy and Franz Landsiedl BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008, 9:45 Abstract & link to free full text
Background Intra-articular shift (migration) of bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) is a very rare disease. Only a few cases have been reported...

- Anatomy
- Biomechanics
- Multipartite Patella
- Chondromalacia
- Dislocation of the Patella
- Examination of the Patellofemoral Joint:
- Fractures of the Patella:
- Jumper's Knee:
- Lateral Retinacular Release
- Patella Alta
- Pathology
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