Radiology - Conditions (Subscribe)  

Dyschondroplasia and dysplasia involving epiphyseal plate
The grouping comprises those congenital conditions that are associated with persistence or metaplasia of the original bone matrix to form rests of cartilage within or on the surface of a bone. The listing includes: Diaphyseal aclasis, Dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica, enchondromatosis and its variants. I have...

This tumour occurs at a younger age than osteosarcoma and its range of incidence is primarily between 5 - 30 yrs. The patient usually presents with pyrexia pain and may have an elevated ESR. The tumour involves a long bone, particularly the diaphysis. 40% of cases of Ewings sarcoma are...

Fibrosarcoma is fairly rare. It has a peak incidence of 35 yrs. It usually starts in the bone and 80% of cases occur around the knee. Some of these cases will be in the soft tissue. Flat bone involvement is unusual. The tumour is usually a medullary lesion, although it...

The fibrous cortical defect is a common benign bone tumour. In some locations, particularly the neck of femur, it can be regarded as a normal variant. In that location, it is usually below 1cm. The lesion has the usual narrow endosteal zone of transition between normal and abnormal bone. The...

Put simply, the effect of the parathyroid hormone is to maintain or elevate the serum free calcium. Calcium will be mobilised from whatever source is possible, increasing resorption from bowel and renal tubules. Decreased resorption of phosphate, with a potential reduction in the calcium phosphate solubility product, will also help...

The visible evidence of Leukamia usually follows an aggressive or a long standing abnormality. The radiologic expression of the disease is of an enlargement of the soft tissue mass of the bone marrow with loss of bone, particularly at the metaphyses where bone turnover is a little higher. The bone...

Hodgkin's Lymphoma is primarily a disease of cells which make-up the lymphatic system. Its cellular characteristic is the presence of Reed Sternberg cells with double nuclei. Lymphadenopathy is the particular manifestation. It is distinguished macroscopically from the other lymphomas by predominantly involvement of adjacent or contiguous glands. Lymphomas may be...

Plasmacytoma amd multiple myeloma are both patterns of bone destruction, produced by an accumulation of plasma cells. The disease occurs in late middle age with a peak incidence at 60 years. Males are more likely to be affected, 2:1. The single mass of plasmacytoma is lytic and expands the bone...

Myositis ossificans progressiva involves episodes of 'myositis' with progressive ossification of the soft tissues and is a seemingly inherited mesenchymal abnormality, fibrodysplasia. The most common skeletal association is a reduction of the number of phalanges in thumb or hallux. It is a very rare condition.
The distribution of the ossification, the...

Neuroblastoma is a tumour process derived from Neuro-ectodermal tissues. This explains the reason for the commonest site of the tumour being the adrenal medulla or mediastinum (sympathetic nerves). It occurs in young children with the greatest incidence at 2 years and below. It is rare above the age of 5...

Neurofibromatosis, Von Recklinghausen's disease, is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder of mesenchymal tissue, where fibrous skin tumours, neurilemmomas and areas of skin pigmentation ( cafe-au-lait spots ) are typical features. Neurolemmomas can affect cranial or peripheral nerves.
Bone radiographs may show disturbance of bone architecture which can immitate polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,...

(Osteoarthrosis, degenerative joint disease DJD and Osteoarthritis OA are synonyms)
There are pathological processes that will destroy articular cartilage, but eventually it will degrade on its own, especially if the mechanical stress is increased by overactivity, recurrent impact trauma or obesity. Some unfortunates either acquire or inherit more susceptible articular cartilage...

The majority of these tumours present between 20 - 40 yrs and only 3% are found in the immature skeleton. The usual sites are in the bones adjacent to the knee, distal end of radius and occasionally in the sacrum or pelvis. The probability of a particular bone tumour location...

Osteoid osteoma presents in the 2nd and 3rd decades. It is slightly more common in males. 90% of cases present between 5 and 25 years. The clinical history is of pain, often at night, which is relieved by Aspirin. 50% of cases occur in the proximal femur, but any bone...

This document serves to list those cases of purely osteolytic (destructive) metastasis in the spine. Detection, as elsewhere, involves a knowledge of normal structures of bone density and a systematic scheme to ensure detection of their absence from the image. In the spine, the pedicles are potentially, the most vascular...