Hammer Toes (Subscribe)  

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
this procedure allows long toe flexors to behave like intrinsic muscles producing active plantar flexion at MP joints & extension at IP joint; - indicated for flexible hammer toes and claw toes;

East Lancashire Foot and Ankle Hyperbook

A deformity with hyperextension of the MTP joint and flexion of the IP joints is usually referred to as a claw toe.
When the DIP joint is straight or extended the deformity is usually referred to as a hammer toe.
However, some papers use the terms hammer and claw toe in confusing,...

Definition Hammer, claw, and mallet toe surgery refers to a series of surgical procedures performed to correct deformed toes. Purpose There are three main forms of toe abnormalities in the human foot: hammer toes, claw toes, and mallet toes. A hammer toe, also called contracted toe, bone spur, rotated toe, or deformed toe,... Expert

Although this condition can be conservatively accommodated, in certain instances surgical procedures are a favourable option. The objective of this paper is to discuss the current surgical approaches used to correct a hammer toe deformity. The author will also discuss the aetiology and pathomechanics of a hammer toe with...

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
term describes abnormal flexion posture of PIP joint of one of lesser 4 toes;
- the hammer toe deformity is similar to the curly toe deformity but is not malrotated;
- flexion deformity of PIP may be fixed or supple;
...

AAOS Online Service Fact SheetHammer toe Highly Reputable

Author: Anthony Watson, MD, Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Foot and Ankle Program, Allegheny General Hospital
Hammertoe deformity is the most common deformity of the lesser toes. It primarily comprises flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the toe, with hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal...

The big toe, called the Hallux, is made up of two small bones called phalanges. This condition presents as a cocking up of the big toe at the joint between these two small bones. Expert

Hammertoes are a contracture of the toes as a result of a muscle imbalance between the tendons on the top and the tendons on the bottom of the toe.

A mallet toe is a fixed or flexible deformity of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of the toe. Pain or callosity may be the presenting complaints when the DIP joint of the toe has abnormal flexion, either fixed or flexible.

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
refers to flexion posture of DIP;
- may occur as isolated disorder or along w/ hammer toe deformity;
- this deformity occurs most often in 2nd toe, which is frequently the longest & which is impinged in a tight fitting shoe, causing DIP flexion;
- mallet...

Sixty-two children were reviewed between 3 and 14 years (average 9.8 years) after flexor tenotomy for curly toes or hammer toes. No patients were aware of loss of flexor power in the toes. In only 5% of 188 toes was the operation unsuccessful. When the cause of failure was identifiable...