Fractures Scapula eMedicine Emergency

Description: Author: Joseph C Schmidt, MD, Assistant Professor, Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Medical Center
Synonyms and related keywords: scapula, scapular fractures, acromion injuries, scapular neck fractures, glenoid rim fractures, glenoid fracture, stellate glenoid fractures, coracoid process fractures, coracoid fracture, shoulder girdle injuries
The primary function of the scapula is to attach the upper extremity to the thorax and provide a stabilized platform for upper extremity movement. The scapula is attached to the clavicle by the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments and articulates with the humerus. The scapula is protected by its surrounding musculature (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis) and its ability to move along the wall of the thorax; the body and spine of the scapula are most protected. Fractures to scapular structures typically require significant force. These factors explain the infrequent occurrence of scapular fractures.